USES OF GEAR

Gears are a very useful type of transmission mechanism used to transmit rotation from one axis to another. As I mentioned previously, you can use gears to change the output speed of a shaft. Say you have a motor that spins at 100 rotations per minute, and you only want it to spin at 50 rotations per minute. You can use a system of gears to reduce the speed (and likewise increase the torque) so that the output shaft spins at half the speed of the motor. Gears are commonly used in high load situations because The teeth of a gear allow for more fine, discrete control over movement of a shaft, which is one advantage gears have over most pulley systems. Gears can be used to transmit rotation from one axis to another, and special types of gears can allow for the transfer of motion to non-parallel axes.

                     GEAR SYSTEM

A gear is a wheel with teeth around its circumference. Gears are usually found in sets of two or more, used to transmit rotation from the axis of one gear to the axis of another. The teeth of a gear one one axis mesh with the teeth of a gear on another, thus creating a relationship between the rotation of the two axes. When one axis is spun, the other will too. Two gears of different sizes will make their two axes spin at different speeds, which you'll learn about, along with different types of gears and places they're used.

                     HYDROLICS

Hydraulics are similar to pneumatic systems in function. Both systems use fluids but, unlike pneumatics, hydraulics use liquids rather than gasses. Hydraulics systems are capable of greater pressures: up to 10000 pounds per square inch (psi) vs about 100 psi in pneumatics systems. This pressure is due to the incompressibility of liquids which enables greater power transfer with increased efficiency as energy is not lost to compression, except in the case where air gets into hydraulic lines. Fluids used in hydraulics may lubricate, cool and transmit power as well. Pneumatics, being less multifaceted, require oil lubrication separately, which can be messy with air pressure. Pneumatics are simpler in design and to control, safer (with less risk of fire) and more reliable, partially as the compressibility of the gas-absorbing shock can protect the mechanism.

Nuclear reac

             NUCLEAR REACTOR

A nuclear reactor produces and controls the release of energy from splitting the atoms of certain elements. In a nuclear power reactor, the energy released is used as heat to make steam to generate electricity. (In a research reactor the main purpose is to utilise the actual neutrons produced in the core. In most naval reactors, steam drives a turbine directly for propulsion.)

The principles for using nuclear power to produce electricity are the same for most types of reactor. The energy released from continuous fission of the atoms of the fuel is harnessed as heat in either a gas or water, and is used to produce steam. The steam is used to drive the turbines which produce electricity (as in most fossil fuel plants).

The world's first nuclear reactors operated naturally in a uranium deposit about two billion years ago. These were in rich uranium orebodies and moderated by percolating rainwater. The 17 known at Oklo in west Africa, each less than 100 kW thermal, together consumed about six tonnes of that uranium. It is assumed that these were not unique worldwide.

Today, reactors derived from designs originally developed for propelling submarines and large naval ships generate about 85% of the world's nuclear electricity. The main design is the pressurised water reactor (PWR) which has water at over 300°C under pressure in its primary cooling/heat transfer circuit, and generates steam in a secondary circuit. The less numerous boiling water reactor (BWR) makes steam in the primary circuit above the reactor core, at similar temperatures and pressure. Both types use water as both coolant and moderator, to slow neutrons. Since water normally boils at 100°C, they have robust steel pressure vessels or tubes to enable the higher operating temperature. (Another type uses heavy water, with deuterium atoms, as moderator. Hence the term ‘light water’ is used to differentiate.)

Aerofoil applications

                        AEROFOIL 

How it works

The basic principle behind an aerofoil is described by bernoullis theorem. Basically this states that total pressure is equal to static pressure (due to the weight of air above) plus dynamic pressure (due to the motion of air).

Air that travels over the top surface of the aerofoil has to travel faster and thus gains dynamic pressure. The subsequent loss of static pressure creates a pressure difference between the upper and lower surfaces that is called lift and opposes the weight of an aircraft (or thrust that opposes drag).

As the angle of attack (the angle between the chord line and relative air flow) is increased, more lift is created. Once the critical angle of attack is reached (generally around 14 degrees) the aerofoil will stall.

aerofoil

                      AEROFOIL

Aerofoil is a wonderful shape that that performs many more actions such flight 

The basic principle behind an aerofoil is described by bernoullis theorem. Basically this states that total pressure is equal to static pressure (due to the weight of air above) plus dynamic pressure (due to the motion of air).

Air that travels over the top surface of the aerofoil has to travel faster and thus gains dynamic pressure. The subsequent loss of static pressure creates a pressure difference between the upper and lower surfaces that is called lift and opposes the weight of an aircraft (or thrust that opposes drag).

As the angle of attack (the angle between the chord line and relative air flow) is increased, more lift is created. Once the critical angle of attack is reached (generally around 14 degrees) the aerofoil will stall.

                    HOVERCRAFTS

Hovercrafts are simple machines that hover over a layer of air. These machines or in my words its an automobile which can hover over any surface. It can be water, wetlands or even mine feilds.
this video is showing the situation                                                    https://youtu.be/qFnLi6OkWuc 

The technology is very simple the air above is pushed through holes below the hovercraft which exert pressure over an area below it levitates the craft. As the pressure is aplied over a larger area it do not need much denser surface to move on. 

Its a cool device awaits much more developments. 

Requirements new expected from new technologies

             POWER EFFICIENCY     

What ever be the technologies prople expect them to have high performance and low power or energy intake. This is a genuine need that a technology inventer should consider whenever a new technology is developing. As there is renewable and non renewable energy sources the new technologies should be more focused on renewable energy sources. The product would be the best if it is pollution free. The maximum output should be gained from a given amount of fuel. In the future elctrical machines or nuclear machines with controlled energy outflow and raduation would replace the combustion engines. Solar energy would be the main source of electrical energy. Otherwise we would face shortage of energy in a tremendous way

SPACE MANAGEMENT

Space management should be considered as  crucial  because population of world is inreasing in each second with increase of man made things. So whatever we are making, that should posses minimum space and fulfil maximum uses. Developement of nano technologies can handle the situation to a larger extent.